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What are the relationships and similarities and differences among wholly foreign-owned enterprises, foreign joint ventures, Sino-foreign joint ventures, and Sino-foreign cooperative enterprises?

2025-09-19 20:05  

Wholly foreign-owned enterprise: It is funded and established by a single overseas investor (individual, enterprise, or for-profit economic organization). Foreign joint venture: It is funded and established by two or more overseas investors (individuals, enterprises, or for-profit economic organizations). Sino-foreign joint venture: It is jointly funded and established by overseas investors (individuals, enterprises, or for-profit economic organizations) and domestic investors (individuals, enterprises, or for-profit economic organizations). Sino-foreign cooperative enterprise: It is established by overseas investors (individuals, enterprises, or for-profit economic organizations) and domestic investors (individuals, enterprises, or for-profit economic organizations), but with capital contributions from only the foreign side. All four types are considered foreign-invested enterprises, and according to the Foreign Investment Law of the People's Republic of China effective from January 1, 2020, these four types are no longer separately classified but are collectively referred to as “Foreign-Invested Enterprises.”