Employment is the greatest livelihood.Since the 18th National Congress of the Party,China has implemented the employment priority strategy and more active employment policy,and the Beijing Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government have always put employment work in a prominent position in economic and social development.According to the data of the fourth national economic census of Beijing,the scale of employment in our city has increased rapidly,the employment structure has been adjusted and optimized,the employment layout has become more reasonable,and a solid step has been taken to achieve more full and higher quality employment.

I.GENERAL SITUATION

I.GENERAL SITUATION

(i)Faster growth in employment

Beijing's fourth national economic census data show that the total number of employees in the city has increased rapidly.At the end of 2018,there were 13.61 million employees in the corporate units of the secondary and tertiary industries,an increase of 2.497 million compared with the third economic census in 2013,an average annual increase of 4.1 per cent.By gender,there were 5.549 million female employees,an increase of 1.088 million,an average annual increase of 4.5 per cent,accounting for 40.8 per cent of the total number of employees in the second and third industries,an increase of 0.6 percentage points over the end of 2013.

(2)Increasing proportion of employees in the tertiary industry

In the past five years,Beijing has insisted on promoting the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei with the function of dredging the non-capital city,and has made great efforts to build a sophisticated economic structure,so as to realize the continuous optimization of employment structure in the process of high-quality economic development.By industry,2.036 million employees in the secondary industry at the end of 2018,compared with the third economic census,decreased by 130000,an average annual decline of 1.2 percent;and 11.574 million employees in the tertiary industry,an increase of 2.627 million,an average annual increase of 5.3 percent.The proportion of employees in the tertiary industry accounted for 85 per cent,an increase of 4.5 percentage points over the end of 2013.By industry,the size of the employees The top five are leasing and business services(1.872 million),wholesale and retail(1.614 million),scientific research and technology services(1.404 million),information transmission,software and information technology services(1.389 million)and manufacturing(968000).

(iii)More rational employment distribution

State(3.5%)and Economic and Technological Development Zone(3.1%)also have a large number of employees,accounting for more than 3%of the city's share.Huairou,Pinggu,Miyun and Mentougou,although the scale of employees is small,but the growth rate is the fastest,the average annual growth rate is 11.6%,10.8%,9.3%and 9.2%,respectively.

With the implementation of Beijing's new urban master plan,the proportion of employees in central urban areas has declined.At the end of 2018,there were 9.401 million employees in the central urban area,a decline of 2.3 percentage points.As the main platform for the construction of the national science and technology innovation center,three cities and one district have gathered a large number of scientific and technological innovation enterprises,which has led to the rapid growth of employees.In addition to Haidian,which is located in the central urban area,the average annual growth rate of employees in Changping(5.1%),Huairou(11.6%)and Economic and technological Development Zone(7.9%)in the three cities and one district is higher than the average of 1.1,7.6 and 3.9 percentage points in the whole city,respectively.

II.Main features

(1)reducing industrial development and improving quality,and"two liters and two drops"for employees

The development of industrial enterprises in our city has changed from scale speed type to quality benefit type.The optimization of employment structure is manifested in two aspects,one is that the industry change of employees is characterized by"two liters and two drops".In the construction industry,which serves capital city construction and provides basic security,there were 309,000 and 15,000 employees in the electricity,heat,gas and water production and supply industries,respectively,up 8 per cent and 3.1 per cent annually,respectively,compared with the end of 2013;with 33,000 and 417,000 employees in the mining and manufacturing industries,respectively,falling 12.3 per cent and 6.7 million annually,respectively,along with the decentralization of non-capital cities and the upgrading of industrial structure.9%.The second is the continuous optimization of the internal structure of the manufacturing industry(968000 people).The proportion of high-tech manufacturing practitioners in manufacturing was 30.6 per cent,an increase of 8.3 percentage points over 2013.The proportion of employees with college degree or above in high-tech manufacturing industry is 65.5%,which is 7.9 percentage points higher than that in the whole city.

(2)Transformation and upgrading of service industry and optimization and adjustment of employment structure

Our city closely revolves around the capital city strategic orientation,promotes the economy high quality development in a down-to-earth manner,the service industry transformation upgrades the pace to accelerate,the tertiary industry employee internal structure unceasingly optimizes,the traditional service industry proportion has reduced,the producer service industry has increased strongly,the living service industry which satisfies the people to the good life need vigorous development.

Although the scale of traditional service industry practitioners is large,the growth rate has slowed,and the proportion of tertiary industry practitioners has declined.At the end of 2018,there were 2.891 million employees in wholesale and retail trade,transport,warehousing and postal services,accommodation and catering,an average annual increase of 1.6 per cent compared with the end of 2013,with the share of employees falling from 29.8 per cent to 25 per cent.

With the reform of"releasing management and service"advancing in depth,optimizing the business environment,reducing the burden of taxes and fees and a series of measures conducive to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises have come into effect one after another,the vitality of the main body of the market has been continuously stimulated,and the role in the national economic and social development has become increasingly significant.First,small and medium-sized enterprises have developed rapidly and become the main body of social employment.Data show that at the end of 2018,the city's small and medium-sized enterprises absorbed 8.295 million employees,an increase of 2.242 million compared with the end of 2013,an average annual increase of 6.5 percent,accounting for 60.9 percent of employees in the second and third industries,an increase of 6.4 percentage points.The contribution rate of the growth of industry personnel reached 89.8%.Second,the employment structure is more reasonable.By industry,leasing and business services(1.589 million people),wholesale and retail trade(1.211 million people)and scientific research and technology services(945,000 people)absorb the largest number of employees,accounting for 45.2%of the employees of small and medium-sized enterprises in the city.More than 30 per cent(34.7 per cent)of the workforce is concentrated in information transmission,software and information technology services(803000),finance(730,000),manufacturing(683000)and construction(662000).Gold compared with the end of 2013 A total of 1.801 million employees were added to finance,scientific research and technology services,leasing and business services,information transmission,software and information technology services,contributing 80.4 per cent to the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Railway transportation industry by the national unified feedback of the city's aggregate data,do not participate in the district summary,the total area plus is not equal to the city's total.