To understand the employment of university graduates of Beijing entrepreneurial intention, the main factors influencing the job success and business practice, to better promote the university students' employment, NBS survey office in Beijing recently visited Beijing municipal human resources and social security bureau, and has carried out the employment of university graduates in Beijing in early march entrepreneurship special investigation. The survey using directional push questionnaire online survey platform, to take in graduate through online educators to carry out the investigation. Survey of 328 graduates, included Beijing university, tsinghua university, renmin university of China, Beijing normal university and other 15 colleges and universities in Beijing. Among them, the undergraduate 262 people, accounting for 79.9%; Who was born in 66 people, accounting for 20.1%; Boys (45.1%), girls account for 45.1%; Beijing students accounted for 20.7%, from 20.7%. The investigation result is as follows:  

A, Beijing college graduates employment situation is generally stable  

Beijing actively to carry out national a series of college graduates employment policies and guidelines, take measures and strengthen the propaganda, the special action of development into the campus services, online joint, a register of one-on-one, recommend employment, effectively expand the scope of information dissemination, many measures, do a good job employment of college graduates.  

(a) the employment intention and characteristics  

1. The above four directly into graduates employment, signing rate more than half  

When asked about the \"plan\" after graduation, 53.7% of students choose \"further study\", the second is the \"job\", choose the proportion of 43.9%; While 1.8% of students choose \"own business\" or \"freelance\".  

Look from signing rate, as of early march, 144 graduates looking for work, have to sign or existing units more than half of students, the proportion of 54.2%. With the enterprise recruitment activities were launched after the Spring Festival, and enroll administrative authority institution work draws to a close, will further enhance graduates signing rate. In recent years, according to human social security departments to provide data, Beijing higher level of college graduates employment rate stood at 95%, among them, the local students employment rate more than 95%.  

2. The large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises and popular agencies and institutions  

Large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises and institution of the administrative organ in its work relatively stable favored by graduates. According to the survey, when asked about \"your ideal employment unit type\", 32.6% of graduates choice for large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, followed by an administrative organ and institution, select proportion is more than 3 into. (see figure 1)  

Figure 1 Beijing college graduates employment intention unit type selection  

Unit: %  

   

3. Is the preferred graduates employment in Beijing area  

Beijing is famous for its high quality administrative resources, science and technology, culture, attracting a large number of the central unit, and multinational companies gathered in the headquarters group, become the best choice of the young career starting point. The survey shows that 56.9% of graduates preferred \"work\" in Beijing after graduation. Students, 93.9% of Beijing students graduates preferred working in Beijing, choose the proportion of 48.0% higher than that from outside.  

4. Pay relatively rational expectations, expected gross salary more than in 5000-8000 yuan between  

According to the survey, 70.1% of the graduates expected monthly salary in 5000-8000 yuan between, expected gross average monthly salary of 7904 yuan, converted to a salary of 94848 yuan, less than 2015 unit of legal person of the city workers, the average salary of 97616 yuan, shows that college students' expectations of pay is more rational.  

Cent degree, record of formal schooling, the higher the expected monthly salary, Thurber graduates expect an average monthly salary of RMB 8832.8, 1.2 times for undergraduate students. Points of gender, boys higher expectations of pay, expect an average monthly salary of RMB 9157.5, 1.3 times for girls.  

(2) the diagnosis, and employment situation view  

1. The employment situation is generally stable  

In the backdrop of the steady and healthy development of capital economy, 2016 registered urban unemployment rate at the lower levels of around 1.5%, the employment situation in the city's overall stability. Survey also showed that 42.4% of graduates employment situation this year than in previous years, \"better\" or \"little change\", 25.9% of the graduates employment situation \"worse\", 31.7% of the graduates say \"I can\". Students to see, Beijing students graduate employment confidence, believe that employment situation \"better\" or \"little change\" accounted for 48.5%, 7.6% higher than that from outside.  

2. Pay more attention to personal development and salary welfare of profession  

According to the survey, when asked \"are you looking for a job and considering the main factors\", are the two columns \"wage, salary and benefit\" and \"personal development space, self value realization\", choose proportion were 77.8% and 75.7% respectively, column three is \"the professional and personal interests\", choose the proportion of super into 5.  

The main factors of figure 2 college graduates career consideration  

Unit: %  

   

Points of record of formal schooling, Thurber graduates pay more attention to personal development prospects, select the proportion of 82.8%, 11.9% higher than that of undergraduate; And undergraduates are relatively more important salary welfare.  

3. The social practice and internship experience is the main factor that effect the success of the job  

According to the survey, nearly 7 graduates that \"social practice experience/internship experience\" the greatest influence on individual job success, choose the proportion of 68.8%; The second is the degree, select the proportion is 55.6%; In addition, the \"self marketing ability\", \"professional qualification certificate\" and \"computer English\" three choice proportion have super three. Explained the selection of the market for talent more practical, simple certificates and grades have been enough to stand out in competitive career, personal comprehensive ability is more important.  

(3) the difficulty in job and Suggestions  

1. Lack of employability are college students reflect the most prominent problem  

In the new employment situation, employment ability is a reflection of job seekers comprehensive quality, is the key to the successful employment of the college students. According to the survey, when asked about the job search process, what are the main difficulties \", 52.8% of its graduates choose the technique methods and \"job\", moreover, reflect the \"professional export narrow, work not seek\" and 45.8% of the graduates.  

Suggest that one is to strengthen the comprehensive ability training of higher education, accelerate the work of the establishing and perfecting promote university students' employment ability of long-term mechanism, effectively raise the graduates employment rate and employment quality. Second, in-depth university-enterprise cooperation, according to the characteristics of professional guidance to the enterprises into the campus students in colleges and universities, is advantageous to the enterprise and college students better matching options.  

2. Employment information asymmetry is the main factor that hinder the successful employment of college students  

Supply and demand in the labor market information asymmetry is one of the main reasons for college students' successful employment. According to the survey, \"the poor information channels, unable to quickly understand more recruitment information\" is also the primary difficulties in graduates to apply for a job, choose proportion is 52.8%, and 31.3% of people choose \"do not know about policy, lack of employment guidance\".  

Suggest unimpeded information channels, to improve the government employment service initiative, eliminate obstacles caused by information channel not free employment. For example, through the integration of resources, build authority, unified platform for the college graduates employment information service, innovative ways to disseminate information, to schools, businesses, college students push related policy and the supply and demand information.  

3. Employment unfair phenomenon should not be ignored  

Total focus on university students' employment, in addition to the employment pressure, the structural contradictions, problems such as unfair employment problem also need attention. Survey, 27.8% of graduates to apply for a job, a discrimination, 20.8% suffer unfair treatment. Among them, the proportion of girls choose experience discrimination was 31.2%, 7.3% higher than that of boys. Undergraduate student suffered injustice, the proportion of 23.3%, 6.0% higher than that people born. Suggested that perfect employment fairness of laws and regulations, strengthen college students' labor market oversight, improve the employment environment under many guan qi.  

Second, the college students entrepreneurial enthusiasm high, super 8 into relying on the Internet  

On December 16, 2016, the ministry of education has issued a new revision of the \"common colleges and universities student management stipulation\" (hereinafter referred to as the regulations), on college students' innovative undertaking has formed a new institutional guarantee, further stimulated the students entrepreneurial zeal. In order to encourage entrepreneurship for college students, in recent years, Beijing China creative - dongsheng cup entrepreneurship competition is held every year, the creativity is direct investment, to help college students entrepreneurship. On June 30, 2016, human social security bureau and the zhongguancun equity trading company launch platform for college students, a total of 23 in college students' entrepreneurial companies listed on capital market  

(a) about the regulations policy response  

According to the survey, surveyed college students on the regulations of \"the new innovation entrepreneurship practice, can apply for to keep the qualification for admission as\" the highest recognition, choose proportion is 64.3%; Ranked the second and the third is \"innovation entrepreneurship activities such as experience and achievements can convert credits, included in the academic performance\" and \"students drop out of school entrepreneurship can separate the longest period of schooling, and simplify the suspension approval procedure\", select proportion were 59.8% and 50.0% respectively. In addition, the \"innovation practice, students can drop out of school entrepreneurship into related learning\" and \"encourage to set up a files, setting up innovative entrepreneurial innovation credits\" also are in more than 3 into the proportion of choice.  

(2) the entrepreneurial intention and practical characteristics  

1. Entrepreneurial zeal is higher  

As the government strongly support and encourage the \"double gen\", market entrepreneurial atmosphere gradually thick, college students also show higher entrepreneurial spirits. In a survey of 328 graduates, 56.1% of respondents said interested in entrepreneurship. Have a business plan (42.7%), with entrepreneurial practice for 31 people, accounting for 9.5%.  

2. Beijing for entrepreneurial key battleground  

The survey shows that business practitioners to carry out business activities of choice for Beijing city, choose proportion is 90.3%; Also in Shanghai, guangdong, shenzhen, with its talent pool, preferential policies, such as advantages, attract more students to conduct entrepreneurship activities.  

3. Entrepreneurship is relatively concentrated, super 8 into relying on the Internet  

According to the survey, entrepreneurial company main business is mainly concentrated in the information industry and wholesale and retail. Select \"information transmission, software, Internet service\" and \"wholesale and retail business are 22.6% of the total respondents.  

At the same time, business practitioners to carry out business activities mainly rely on the Internet. Select \"Internet startup\" and \"Internet, entity both\" proportion of respondents was 80.7%, pure \"business entity\" of respondents less than 2. Description as \"Internet +\" in all walks of life gradually permeate, the Internet in the current wave of innovation entrepreneurship plays an important role.  

4. The project mainly for school projects  

Look from the project source, with \"the school to participate in such activities as entrepreneurial game design and funded projects\" is given priority to, choose proportion is 51.6%; Followed by \"in the subject and the research results to further expand and market-oriented operation of scientific research project\", choose the proportion of 32.3%; \"Find their own market project\" and \"industry and business partnership family\" select proportion is above 2 into.  

5. Venture capital is given priority to with their own  

From the source of venture capital, 64.5% of the business practitioners team comes from its own funds of funds, super 3 into business practitioners received school funding, and accepted the \"offline all the raise\", \"Internet finance/raise\", \"vc\" proportion of respondents are only around 10.0% [1].  

From the investment, the investment capacity of college students' personal co., LTD. According to the survey, investment in \"10000 yuan\" entrepreneurship in 80.6%. From the initial investment team, under the \"50000 yuan\" accounted for 74.2%, \"5-100000 yuan\" (19.4%), \"100000 yuan of above 6.4%.  

6. Nearly half of business profits  

When asked \"what now, your profit and loss situation, nearly half of all business practitioners in a state of\" profit \", choose the proportion of 45.2%; In the \"break-even\" accounted for 41.9%, \"losses\" accounted for 12.9%.  

7. Duration of entrepreneurship within 1 year  

According to the survey, in the end of the respondents, nearly nine into entrepreneurial activity lasted no more than 1 year, within six months duration, 7 to 12 months, 12 months or more accounted for 53.6%, 35.7% and 53.6% respectively. From the end of the cause of the startup, \"to find a job, energy\" is the main reason, accounted for 32.1%; Followed by a \"lack of core technology\", accounted for 17.9%; \"Money can't keep up with,\" and \"entrepreneurship mistakes\" and \"poor management\" three selection proportion were above 10.0%.  

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[1] this on multiple choice, choose the proportion of the sum of more than 100%.